1. the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

3. make an effort or attempt

4. assign a rank or rating to

5. literature in metrical form

6. a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

7. disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

8. a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

2. (Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism); an official language of India although it is now used only for religious purposes

5. matter of fact, commonplace, or dull expression

9. a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

10. a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

11. the science that studies living organisms